Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

866 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    316 studies
  2. Other
    305 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

316 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    160 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    142 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 160 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Kim SH et al. 2004 - - 20 kHz - repeated daily exposure, 8 h/d, from Day 2.5 to 15.5 of gestation. magnetic field, intermediate frequency
Jiang ML et al. 2003 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - - MRI
Gagnon ZE et al. 2003 animal, mouse/Swiss Webster, whole body embryo development 0 Hz–25 MHz - exposure started on the 18th day of pregnancy; one week later, offspring was born and maintained together with their mothers for 21 days. After that, only the mothers were left to continue for another 4 weeks. EMF general
Severini M et al. 2003 animal, tadpoles of <i>Xenopus laevis</i>, whole body - 50 Hz–15.797 kHz - 12 h/day from day 3 untill metamorphosis magnetic field, intermediate frequency, 50/60 Hz
Roda-Moreno JA et al. 2003 animal, chicken embryos, whole body - 50 Hz - continuous for 15 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Chung MK et al. 2003 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body fertility and health of mother rats and teratogenicity in fetuses 60 Hz - continuous for 22 h/day from day 6 to day 20 of gestation magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Toman R et al. 2002 - - - - 20 min magnetic field
Negishi T et al. 2002 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo and adult) - 50 Hz - intermittent; 22h/day 50/60 Hz, magnetic field
Okazaki R et al. 2001 animal, mouse/ICR, whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - continuously for 2 days static magnetic field, MRI
Gu Y et al. 2001 animal, mouse/ICR (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - - MRI, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure