Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
McGivern RF et al. | 1990 | - | - | 15 Hz | - | 15 min twice a days from day 15 till day 20 of gestation | signals/pulses |
Ravera S et al. | 2006 | - | - | 75 Hz | - | 150 min | low frequency, magnetic field |
Nguyen P et al. | 1995 | intact cell/cell culture, embryonic cells from <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (embryo), whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | 16 to 18 h | 50/60 Hz, magnetic field |
Ryan BM et al. | 2000 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | 18.5 h/day, 7 days/week, from gestation day 6 - 19 | magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz |
Rommereim DN et al. | 1987 | animal, rat/Charles River, whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | 19 h/day | electric field, 50/60 Hz |
Di Carlo AL et al. | 1999 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | 2 min to 2 h | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Falugi C et al. | 1987 | - | - | 5 kHz | - | 2 to 4 hrs | signals/pulses |
Sikov MR et al. | 1987 | animal, swine/Hanford miniatur, whole body | malformations, development, weight and size of foetuses, number, weight, size, development and health status of pups | 60 Hz | - | 20 h/day, 7 days/week | electric field, 50/60 Hz |
Toman R et al. | 2002 | - | - | - | - | 20 min | magnetic field |
Martin AH | 1988 | - | - | 100 Hz | - | 24 h | magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses |
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