Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
| Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DiCarlo AL et al. | 1998 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 20 min | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
| Ubeda A et al. | 1983 | - | - | 100 Hz | - | continuous for 48 hrs | magnetic field, signals/pulses |
| Maffeo S et al. | 1984 | - | - | 100 Hz–1 kHz | - | continuous for 48 hrs | magnetic field, signals/pulses, intermediate frequency |
| Seto YJ et al. | 1984 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | repeated daily exposure, 21 hrs/d, pls see remark | electric field, 50/60 Hz |
| Yip YP et al. | 1994 | animal, chicken/White Leghorn, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> | - | 15–200 Hz | - | continuous for 6 h | RF, static magnetic field, MRI |
| Huuskonen H et al. | 1998 | - | - | 20 kHz | - | continuous from gestation day 0 to 18. | magnetic field, PC/TV monitor, intermediate frequency |
| Zimmermann B et al. | 1987 | animal, mouse/NMRI, whole body | - | - | - | continuous for 18 days | static magnetic field, MRI |
| Konermann G et al. | 1986 | animal, mouse/albino | - | - | - | - | static magnetic field, MRI |
| Sienkiewicz ZJ et al. | 1994 | animal, mouse/CD-1 (embryo), whole body | - | 50 Hz | - | - | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
| Sikov MR et al. | 1984 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous | electric field, 50/60 Hz |
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