Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yip YP et al. | 1994 | animal, chicken/White Leghorn, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> | - | 15–200 Hz | - | continuous for 6 h | MRI |
Heinrichs WL et al. | 1988 | animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body | - | 15–400 Hz | - | continuous for 16 h | MRI, also other exposures without EMF |
Boga A et al. | 2012 | - | - | 16 Hz | - | - | electric field, signals/pulses |
Chacon L et al. | 1990 | - | - | 30 Hz | - | continuous for 48 hrs | magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses |
Koch WE et al. | 1991 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body | - | 33–50 Hz | - | 10 times 10 ms, 6 times 1 ms, 26 times 20 ms or 5 times 30 ms | magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz |
Krylov VV | 2010 | invertebrate, <i>Daphnia magna</i> Straus (great water flea) | embryogenesis, developmental stages, morphometric and production characteristics of adult females that developed from the exposed eggs; survival rate | 45–500 Hz | - | up to 43.70 h | magnetic field, low frequency |
Zecca L et al. | 1985 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo and adult), whole body | - | 50 Hz | - | 3 h/day, 4 weeks | magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz |
Huuskonen H et al. | 1993 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | fetal development/teratogenicity | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 20 days | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, intermediate frequency |
Kowalczuk CI et al. | 1994 | animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body | - | 50 Hz | - | 24 hr/day from 0 to 17 day of gestation. | magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz |
Juutilainen J et al. | 1997 | animal, mouse/CBA/Ca and CBA/s, whole body | fetal loss/resorptions | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 8 days, 24 hrs/day | 50/60 Hz, PC/TV monitor, intermediate frequency, magnetic field |
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