Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

882 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    312 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

319 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    162 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    144 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 162 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Bessho K et al. 1995 invertebrate, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (nematode; different (transgenic) strains), whole body - 60 Hz - 3 min every 6h or 9h, to a total of 9 to 27 min 50/60 Hz, magnetic field
Burack G et al. 1984 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 8 days electric field, 50/60 Hz
Pagnac C et al. 1998 invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Sphaerechinus granularis</i> and <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i>) (embryo), whole body - 0 Hz - up to 150 min 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, static magnetic field
Rommereim DN et al. 1996 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous 20h/day, for 20 d magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
DiCarlo AL et al. 1998 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 20 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Ubeda A et al. 1983 - - 100 Hz - continuous for 48 hrs magnetic field, signals/pulses
Maffeo S et al. 1984 - - 100 Hz–1 kHz - continuous for 48 hrs magnetic field, signals/pulses, intermediate frequency
Seto YJ et al. 1984 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body - 60 Hz - repeated daily exposure, 21 hrs/d, pls see remark electric field, 50/60 Hz
Yip YP et al. 1994 animal, chicken/White Leghorn, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 15–200 Hz - continuous for 6 h RF, static magnetic field, MRI
Huuskonen H et al. 1998 - - 20 kHz - continuous from gestation day 0 to 18. magnetic field, PC/TV monitor, intermediate frequency