Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
| Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhu C et al. | 2011 | animal, rat/Wistar (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> | - | - | - | - | MRI |
| Behr KP et al. | 1991 | animal, chicken embryos, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> | - | - | - | - | RF, static magnetic field, MRI |
| Zahedi Y et al. | 2014 | animal, mouse/C57BL/6J (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> | - | - | - | - | static magnetic field, MRI |
| Wang Y et al. | 2016 | human, whole body | - | - | - | - | MRI |
| Pais-Roldan P et al. | 2016 | animal, zebrafish embryos and larvae | - | - | - | - | static magnetic field, MRI |
| Kantarcioglu E et al. | 2018 | animal, chicken/Super Nick (egg) | - | - | - | - | static magnetic field, MRI |
| Liu C et al. | 2023 | animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) | - | - | - | - | static magnetic field, MRI |
| Kalantar MH et al. | 2024 | animal, rat/Wistar albino | - | - | - | - | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF |
| Guillebon C et al. | 2025 | - | - | 0.1–10 Hz | - | - | electric field, magnetic field, low frequency |
| Ossenkopp KP et al. | 1972 | - | - | 500 mHz | - | continuous for about 22 or 3 days | magnetic field, low frequency |
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