Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zhu C et al. | 2011 | animal, rat/Wistar (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> | - | - | - | - | MRI |
Kalantar MH et al. | 2024 | animal, rat/Wistar albino | - | - | - | - | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF |
Dupont MJ et al. | 2004 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | effects on neurons and glia cells | 500 mHz | - | continuous for 9 days ( 2 days befor and 7 days after birth) | magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses |
Okudan B et al. | 2006 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | bone mineral content and bone mineral density | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 28 days; from day 7 of gestation to 14 days post delivery | electric field, static electric field, 50/60 Hz |
Huuskonen H et al. | 1993 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | fetal development/teratogenicity | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 20 days | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, intermediate frequency |
Mevissen M et al. | 1994 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | - | 50 Hz | - | repeated daily exposure of 24 hrs for 20 days | magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Severini M et al. | 2010 | animal, spawn and tadpoles of <i>Xenopus laevis</i>, whole body | tadpole development and teratogenic effects | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 22 days | magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz |
Sikov MR et al. | 1987 | animal, swine/Hanford miniatur, whole body | malformations, development, weight and size of foetuses, number, weight, size, development and health status of pups | 60 Hz | - | 20 h/day, 7 days/week | electric field, 50/60 Hz |
Grefner NM et al. | 1998 | animal, tadpoles of <i>Rana temporaria</i> L., whole body | - | 50 Hz | - | - | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Severini M et al. | 2003 | animal, tadpoles of <i>Xenopus laevis</i>, whole body | - | 50 Hz–15.797 kHz | - | 12 h/day from day 3 untill metamorphosis | magnetic field, intermediate frequency, 50/60 Hz |
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