Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

866 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    316 studies
  2. Other
    305 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

316 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    160 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    142 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 160 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Ryan BM et al. 1999 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body - 60 Hz - continuous, 18.5 h per day magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Cameron IL et al. 1985 animal, Japanese rice fish (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) (embryo), whole body embryogenesis 60 Hz - continuous for 48 h electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line
Desta AB et al. 1999 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - 15 h, 18 h, 23 h and 28 h magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Di Carlo AL et al. 2000 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 20 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Ryan BM et al. 2000 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body - 60 Hz - 18.5 h/day, 7 days/week, from gestation day 6 - 19 magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Di Carlo AL et al. 2001 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 20 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Chung MK et al. 2003 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body fertility and health of mother rats and teratogenicity in fetuses 60 Hz - continuous for 22 h/day from day 6 to day 20 of gestation magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Chung MK et al. 2004 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo and adult), whole body - 60 Hz - repeated daily exposure, 21 h/day from day 6 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Costa EV et al. 2013 animal, Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix japonica</i>), whole body: embryo <i>in ovo</i> development of blood vessels in the yolk sac 60 Hz - intermittent for 3, 6, 9, 12 or 24 h/day for 2 days (see add. information) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Costa EV et al. 2015 animal, fertilized eggs of Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>) development of the vascular system in the yolk sac membrane 60 Hz - continuous for 2 h, 3 times a day with intervals of 6 hours in between for 2 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz