Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nishikawa U et al. | 1986 | - | - | - | - | - | signals/pulses |
Komazaki S et al. | 2007 | animal, japanese fire belly newt/<i>Cynops pyrrhogaster</i> (embryo), whole body | embryo development | 50 Hz | - | 5 days | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Shams Lahijani M et al. | 2007 | animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body | brain and eye development | 50 Hz | - | 24 h continuous | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Lee HJ et al. | 2009 | animal, mouse/ICR, whole body | mortality and morphological abnormalities, uterine contents | 20 kHz | - | 8 h/day from day 2.5 to day 15.5 of gestation | magnetic field, intermediate frequency, occupational |
Krylov VV | 2010 | invertebrate, <i>Daphnia magna</i> Straus (great water flea) | embryogenesis, developmental stages, morphometric and production characteristics of adult females that developed from the exposed eggs; survival rate | 45–500 Hz | - | up to 43.70 h | magnetic field, low frequency |
Nishimura I et al. | 2009 | - | - | - | - | - | magnetic field, PC/TV monitor, induction cooker, intermediate frequency |
Shams Lahijani M et al. | 2009 | animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body | histopathological and ultrastructural changes in livers in chicken embryos and malformations | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 hr | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Severini M et al. | 2010 | animal, tadpoles of <i>Xenopus laevis</i>, whole body | tadpole development and teratogenic effects | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 60 days | magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz |
Shams Lahijani M et al. | 2000 | animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), whole body | teratogenic effects | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 hr | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Grefner NM et al. | 1998 | animal, tadpoles of <i>Rana temporaria</i> L., whole body | - | 50 Hz | - | - | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
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