Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

878 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    309 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    53 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

319 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    162 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    144 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 162 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Saito K et al. 2006 animal, mouse/SS - - - continuous for 60 min on day 7.5, 9.5, 10.5, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, or 14.5 of pregnancy static magnetic field
Gagnon ZE et al. 2003 animal, mouse/Swiss Webster, whole body embryo development 0 Hz–25 MHz - exposure started on the 18th day of pregnancy; one week later, offspring was born and maintained together with their mothers for 21 days. After that, only the mothers were left to continue for another 4 weeks. EMF general
Konermann G et al. 1986 animal, mouse/albino - - - - static magnetic field, MRI
Fey DP et al. 2019 animal, rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) (eggs and larvae), whole body embryogenesis and development of rainbow trout larvae 50 Hz - for 36 days (from eyed egg stage to approximately 26 days post hatching) magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Tayefi H et al. 2010 animal, rat/ Wistar (embryos and neonatal rats), whole body effects on the heart: myocardial damage (oxidative stress, apoptosis, histological evaluation) 50 Hz - 4 hours/day for 7 days/week (during pregnancy and until postnatal day 20) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Rommereim DN et al. 1987 animal, rat/Charles River, whole body - 60 Hz - 19 h/day electric field, 50/60 Hz
Nishimura I et al. 2011 animal, rat/Crl:CD(SD), whole body malformations of fetuses 20 kHz - continuous for 22 h/day from day 7 to day 17 of gestation magnetic field, intermediate frequency, induction cooker
Portet R et al. 1988 animal, rat/Long-Evans and rabbit, whole body - 50 Hz - continuous for 8 h/day for 4 weeks electric field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Yu MC et al. 1993 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo and adult) - 60 Hz - continuous, 23h/d for 18d to 40d 50/60 Hz
Negishi T et al. 2002 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo and adult) - 50 Hz - intermittent; 22h/day 50/60 Hz, magnetic field