Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

866 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    316 studies
  2. Other
    305 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

316 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    160 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    142 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

DC and static fields 37 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Asashima M et al. 1991 animal, japanese fire belly newt (<i>Cynops pyrrhogaster</i>), whole body: embryo (<i>in ovo</i>) and larvae - 0 Hz - continuous for 5 days geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation
Eguchi Y et al. 2006 animal, spawn of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> - 0 Hz - continuous for 5 days static magnetic field, DC
Formicki K et al. 1998 animal, rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) and trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) - - - from fertilization until hatching DC, static magnetic field
Mo WC et al. 2012 animal, African clawed frog (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>) (embryos and adults), whole body cleavage and malformation in early embryonal stage 0 Hz - parental animals continuous for 7 days; afterwards, embryos continuous for up to 4 days geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation
Murakami J et al. 1992 animal, mouse/CD-1 (embryo), partial body: <i>in utero</i> - 0 Hz - repeated daily exposure of 1 hr from day 7 to day 14 of gestation static magnetic field
Levin M et al. 1997 animal, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i> and <i>Lytechinus pictus</i>) (embryo), whole body - 0 Hz - up to 94 h static magnetic field, DC
Hansson Mild K et al. 1981 animal, <i>Xenopus laevis</i> (embryo), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 0 Hz - upto 1 week static magnetic field, DC