Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

882 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    312 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

319 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    162 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    144 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

DC and static fields 37 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Espinar A et al. 1997 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 0 Hz - continuous for 1 day (day six of incubation) static magnetic field
Hansson Mild K et al. 1981 animal, <i>Xenopus laevis</i> (embryo), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 0 Hz - upto 1 week static magnetic field, DC
Ho MW et al. 1992 animal, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (embryo), whole body - 0 Hz - continuous for 30 min static magnetic field, DC
Murakami J et al. 1992 animal, mouse/CD-1 (embryo), partial body: <i>in utero</i> - 0 Hz - repeated daily exposure of 1 hr from day 7 to day 14 of gestation static magnetic field
Eguchi Y et al. 2006 animal, spawn of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> - 0 Hz - continuous for 5 days static magnetic field, DC
Denegre JM et al. 1998 animal, eggs of the frog <i>Xenopus</i> - 0 Hz - - static magnetic field
Fesenko EE et al. 2010 animal, mouse/NMRI - 0 Hz - - geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation
Levengood WC 1969 animal, salamander (<i>Ambystoma maculatum</i>) and wood frog (<i>Rana sylvatica</i>); larvae and tadpoles - 0 Hz - - static magnetic field
Laszlo JF et al. 2011 animal, mouse/C57BL/6 - 0 Hz - - static magnetic field
Mo WC et al. 2012 animal, African clawed frog (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>) (embryos and adults), whole body cleavage and malformation in early embryonal stage 0 Hz - parental animals continuous for 7 days; afterwards, embryos continuous for up to 4 days geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation