Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

845 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    310 studies
  2. Other
    298 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

310 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    156 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    135 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    39 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

DC and static fields 39 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Eguchi Y et al. 2006 animal, spawn of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> - 0 Hz - continuous for 5 days static magnetic field, DC
Denegre JM et al. 1998 animal, eggs of the frog <i>Xenopus</i> - 0 Hz - - static magnetic field
Fesenko EE et al. 2010 animal, mouse/NMRI - 0 Hz - - geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation
Levengood WC 1969 animal, salamander (<i>Ambystoma maculatum</i>) and wood frog (<i>Rana sylvatica</i>); larvae and tadpoles - 0 Hz - - static magnetic field
Laszlo JF et al. 2011 animal, mouse/C57BL/6 - 0 Hz - - static magnetic field
Mo WC et al. 2012 animal, African clawed frog (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>) (embryos and adults), whole body cleavage and malformation in early embryonal stage 0 Hz - parental animals continuous for 7 days; afterwards, embryos continuous for up to 4 days geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation
Ueno S et al. 1990 animal, african clawed frog (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>) (embryos), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 0 Hz - - static magnetic field
Ueno S et al. 1994 animal, african clawed frog (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>) (embryos), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 0 Hz - - static magnetic field
Neurath PW 1968 animal, frog (<i>Rana pipiens</i>) - 0 Hz - - static magnetic field
Ueno S et al. 1984 animal, <i>Xenopus laevis</i> - 0 Hz - - static magnetic field, DC
Sikov MR et al. 1979 animal, mouse/Swiss Webster - 0 Hz - - static magnetic field, DC
Zahedi Y et al. 2014 animal, mouse/C57BL/6J (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> - 0 Hz - - static magnetic field, MRI
Valles Jr JM et al. 2002 animal, fertilized eggs of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> - 0 Hz - - static magnetic field
Popova E et al. 2011 animal, mouse and rat embryos - 500 kHz - 30 minutes intermediate frequency, signals/pulses, electric current application, DC