Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
| Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cheng L et al. | 2024 | invertebrate, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (nematode; different strains) | - | - | - | - | static magnetic field |
| Tian X et al. | 2024 | animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) | - | - | - | - | static magnetic field |
| Tang LS et al. | 2023 | animal, zebrafish embryos and larvae (<i>Danio rerio</i>) | - | - | - | - | static magnetic field, MRI |
| Kamel NF et al. | 2022 | animal, Japanese quail eggs | - | - | - | - | static magnetic field |
| Krylov VV et al. | 2021 | animal, roach (<i>Rutilus rutilus</i>) (embryos) | - | - | - | - | static magnetic field, geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation |
| Orlov OI et al. | 2020 | animal, Japanese quail embryos | - | - | - | - | geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation |
| Brysiewicz A et al. | 2019 | animal, sea trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i> m. <i>trutta</i> L.) (eggs and larvae) | - | - | - | - | static magnetic field |
| Ge S et al. | 2019 | invertebrate, zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) larvae | - | - | - | - | static magnetic field |
| Krylov VV et al. | 2019 | animal, roach (<i>Rutilus rutilus</i>) (embryos) | - | - | - | - | geomagnetic field, static magnetic field |
| Sun W et al. | 2019 | animal, Japanese rice fish (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) (embryo) | - | - | - | - | static magnetic field |
| Fey DP et al. | 2019 | animal, pike (<i>Esox lucius</i> L.) (larvae) | - | - | - | - | static magnetic field |
| Brysiewicz A et al. | 2017 | animal, vendace (<i>Coregonus albula</i> L.) and European whitefish (<i>Coregonus lavaretus</i>) (embryos and larvae) | - | - | - | - | static magnetic field |
| Mo WC et al. | 2012 | animal, African clawed frog (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>) (embryos and adults), whole body | cleavage and malformation in early embryonal stage | 0 Hz | - | parental animals continuous for 7 days; afterwards, embryos continuous for up to 4 days | geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation |
| Laszlo JF et al. | 2011 | animal, mouse/C57BL/6 | - | 0 Hz | - | - | static magnetic field |
| Popova E et al. | 2011 | animal, mouse and rat embryos | - | 500 kHz | - | 30 minutes | intermediate frequency, signals/pulses, electric current application, DC |
| Fesenko EE et al. | 2010 | animal, mouse/NMRI | - | 0 Hz | - | - | geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation |
| Tyler SE et al. | 2006 | invertebrate, slipper limpet (<i>Crepidula fornicata</i>) (embryos) | - | - | - | - | static magnetic field |
| Eguchi Y et al. | 2006 | animal, spawn of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> | - | 0 Hz | - | continuous for 5 days | static magnetic field, DC |
| Mietchen D et al. | 2005 | animal, African clawed frog (<i>Xenopus laevis</I>) (eggs) | - | - | - | continuous for 15, 29, 42, 63, and 76 min | static magnetic field |
| Valles Jr JM et al. | 2002 | animal, fertilized eggs of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> | - | 0 Hz | - | - | static magnetic field |
| Jove M et al. | 1999 | animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> | - | 0 Hz | - | continuous for 15 days | static magnetic field, DC |
| Herrid M et al. | 1998 | animal, mouse embryos | - | - | - | - | static electric field |
| Denegre JM et al. | 1998 | animal, eggs of the frog <i>Xenopus</i> | - | 0 Hz | - | - | static magnetic field |
| Formicki K et al. | 1998 | animal, rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) and trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) | - | - | - | from fertilization until hatching | DC, static magnetic field |
| Espinar A et al. | 1997 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body | - | 0 Hz | - | continuous for 1 day (day six of incubation) | static magnetic field |
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