Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

852 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    313 studies
  2. Other
    301 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    116 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

313 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    157 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    137 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    39 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

DC and static fields 39 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Mietchen D et al. 2005 animal, African clawed frog (<i>Xenopus laevis</I>) (eggs) - - - continuous for 15, 29, 42, 63, and 76 min static magnetic field
Formicki K et al. 1998 animal, rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) and trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) - - - from fertilization until hatching DC, static magnetic field
Herrid M et al. 1998 animal, mouse embryos - - - - static electric field
Fey DP et al. 2019 animal, pike (<i>Esox lucius</i> L.) (larvae) - - - - static magnetic field
Sun W et al. 2019 animal, Japanese rice fish (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) (embryo) - - - - static magnetic field
Krylov VV et al. 2019 animal, roach (<i>Rutilus rutilus</i>) (embryos) - - - - geomagnetic field, static magnetic field
Ge S et al. 2019 invertebrate, zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) larvae - - - - static magnetic field
Tyler SE et al. 2006 invertebrate, slipper limpet (<i>Crepidula fornicata</i>) (embryos) - - - - static magnetic field
Orlov OI et al. 2020 animal, Japanese quail embryos - - - - geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation
Brysiewicz A et al. 2019 animal, sea trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i> m. <i>trutta</i> L.) (eggs and larvae) - - - - static magnetic field
Krylov VV et al. 2021 animal, roach (<i>Rutilus rutilus</i>) (embryos) - - - - static magnetic field, geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation
Kamel NF et al. 2022 animal, Japanese quail eggs - - - - static magnetic field
Tang LS et al. 2023 animal, zebrafish embryos and larvae (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - - - - static magnetic field, MRI
Brysiewicz A et al. 2017 animal, vendace (<i>Coregonus albula</i> L.) and European whitefish (<i>Coregonus lavaretus</i>) (embryos and larvae) - - - - static magnetic field
Tian X et al. 2024 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - - - - static magnetic field
Jove M et al. 1999 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 0 Hz - continuous for 15 days static magnetic field, DC
Levin M et al. 1997 animal, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i> and <i>Lytechinus pictus</i>) (embryo), whole body - 0 Hz - up to 94 h static magnetic field, DC
Asashima M et al. 1991 animal, japanese fire belly newt (<i>Cynops pyrrhogaster</i>), whole body: embryo (<i>in ovo</i>) and larvae - 0 Hz - continuous for 5 days geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation
Narra VR et al. 1996 animal, mouse/Swiss Webster, whole body - 0 Hz - 30 min static magnetic field, DC
Espinar A et al. 1997 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 0 Hz - continuous for 1 day (day six of incubation) static magnetic field
Hansson Mild K et al. 1981 animal, <i>Xenopus laevis</i> (embryo), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 0 Hz - upto 1 week static magnetic field, DC
Ho MW et al. 1992 animal, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (embryo), whole body - 0 Hz - continuous for 30 min static magnetic field, DC
Chew S et al. 2001 animal, CBA/C57 F1 mouse, whole body: in utero - 0 Hz 3–7 µW/g continuous static magnetic field, MRI
Murakami J et al. 1992 animal, mouse/CD-1 (embryo), partial body: <i>in utero</i> - 0 Hz - repeated daily exposure of 1 hr from day 7 to day 14 of gestation static magnetic field
Ruggiero M et al. 2004 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 0 Hz - continuous for 3 h static magnetic field, MRI