Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
| Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bozok S et al. | 2023 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley | - | 900–2,100 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, RF |
| Keleş AI et al. | 2025 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, RF |
| Yan S et al. | 2022 | animal, mouse/C57BL/6J | - | 2 GHz | - | - | mobile communications, RF, CW continuous wave |
| Kuybulu AE et al. | 2016 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | - | - | mobile communications, RF, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
| Ohtani S et al. | 2015 | - | - | 2.14 GHz | - | - | mobile communications, W-CDMA |
| Kıran D et al. | 2017 | animal, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals) | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, digital mobile phone, mobile phone |
| Celik O et al. | 2004 | human, pregnant females, whole body | fetal heart rate | 800–1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 5 min | mobile communications, mobile phone |
| Bektas H et al. | 2018 | human | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
| Okatan DÖ et al. | 2019 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
| Saadia Z | 2018 | human | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
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