Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

867 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    316 studies
  2. Other
    306 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Other

306 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    148 studies
  2. Low frequency
    113 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    57 studies

Radio frequency 148 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Salameh M et al. 2022 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley (embryos and newborns) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM
Kilic A et al. 2023 animal, rat/Wistar albino (adults and young animal) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM
Tüfekci KK et al. 2023 animal, rat/ Wistar albino - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, RF, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Vilić M et al. 2024 invertebrate, honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone base station
Koç IY et al. 2024 animal, zebrafish embryos - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM
Keleş AI et al. 2025 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, RF
Kayabasoglu G et al. 2011 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body effects on the auditory system (distortion product otoacoustic emissions) 900–1,800 MHz 0.851–0.934 W/kg continuous for 6 h/day on 30 days mobile phone, mobile communications
Nisbet HO et al. 2016 - - 900–1,800 MHz - - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Smith-Roe SL et al. 2020 animal, mouse/B6C3F1/N, rat/Sprague-Dawley - 900–1,900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM, CDMA, mobile phone
Galal FH et al. 2022 invertebrate, mosquito (<i>Culex pipiens</i>) - 900–1,900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM, 4G, mobile phone