Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
| Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tümkaya L et al. | 2022 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo) | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
| Sarapultseva EI et al. | 2023 | - | - | 900 MHz | - | - | RF |
| Salameh M et al. | 2022 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley (embryos and newborns) | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, GSM |
| Kilic A et al. | 2023 | animal, rat/Wistar albino (adults and young animal) | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM |
| Tüfekci KK et al. | 2023 | animal, rat/ Wistar albino | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, RF, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF |
| Vilić M et al. | 2024 | invertebrate, honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone base station |
| Koç IY et al. | 2024 | animal, zebrafish embryos | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, GSM |
| Keleş AI et al. | 2025 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, RF |
| Kayabasoglu G et al. | 2011 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | effects on the auditory system (distortion product otoacoustic emissions) | 900–1,800 MHz | 0.851–0.934 W/kg | continuous for 6 h/day on 30 days | mobile phone, mobile communications |
| Nisbet HO et al. | 2016 | - | - | 900–1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
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