Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

882 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    312 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Other

312 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    151 studies
  2. Low frequency
    117 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    58 studies

Radio frequency 151 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Nassisi V et al. 2023 animal, zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) larvae - 0 Hz–900 MHz - - UHF fields, RF, static magnetic field, low frequency, intermediate frequency
Otten L et al. 1994 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, microwaves, also other exposures without EMF
Tüfekci KK et al. 2023 animal, rat/ Wistar albino - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, RF, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Tripathi R et al. 2023 animal, rat/ Wistar albino - 1,760 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Nik Abdull Halim NMH et al. 2024 invertebrate, yellow fever mosquito (<i>Aedes aegypti</i>) (eggs) - 900 MHz–18 GHz - - mobile communications, 5G, millimeter waves, RF
Krivova NA et al. 2024 animal, rat/Wistar - 2.4 GHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone base station, 5G
Vilić M et al. 2024 invertebrate, honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone base station
Tripathi R et al. 2024 - - 1.76–1.92 GHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Koç IY et al. 2024 animal, zebrafish embryos - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM
Keleş AI et al. 2025 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, RF