Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
| Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chang YW et al. | 2023 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, microw. oven/heating device, 2.45 GHz |
| Tungjitwitayakul J et al. | 2016 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, microw. oven/heating device, also other exposures without EMF |
| d'Ambrosio G et al. | 1977 | invertebrate, mealworm beetle larva and pupa (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>) | - | 0 Hz–9.55 GHz | - | - | microwaves, static magnetic field, static electric field |
| Peyman A et al. | 2009 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, wireless transmitter/antenna |
| Habauzit D et al. | 2020 | - | - | 94 GHz | - | - | millimeter waves |
| Chalfin S et al. | 2002 | animal, rhesus monkey (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>), partial body: eye | effects on eye/ocular examination | 35 GHz | - | 1.5 s to 5 s | millimeter waves, PW pulsed wave |
| Shakina LA et al. | 2018 | invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (eggs) | - | 0 Hz–36.94 GHz | - | - | millimeter waves, static magnetic field |
| Okatan DÖ et al. | 2018 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications |
| Kim JH et al. | 2019 | animal, mouse/ICR | - | 1,850 MHz | - | - | mobile communications |
| Seewooruttun C et al. | 2025 | animal, rat/Wistar | - | 900 MHz–3.5 GHz | - | - | mobile communications, 5G, GSM |
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