Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

882 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    312 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Other

312 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    151 studies
  2. Low frequency
    117 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    58 studies

Radio frequency 151 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Holovska K et al. 2021 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, microwaves, PW pulsed wave
Hässig M et al. 2009 animal, calf, whole body effects on eye (nuclear cataract; oxidative stress) - - continuous for 1 year mobile communications, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS
Jamakosmanovic A et al. 1981 - - 2,450 MHz - not specified microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Kayabasoglu G et al. 2011 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body effects on the auditory system (distortion product otoacoustic emissions) 900–1,800 MHz 0.851–0.934 W/kg continuous for 6 h/day on 30 days mobile phone, mobile communications
Keleş AI et al. 2025 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, RF
Kerimoglu G et al. 2016 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body morphology and oxidative stress in the heart 900 MHz 0.0093 W/kg 1 h/day between postnatal days 21 and 59 mobile phone, mobile communications
Kilic A et al. 2023 animal, rat/Wistar albino (adults and young animal) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM
Kim JH et al. 2019 animal, mouse/ICR - 1,850 MHz - - mobile communications
Kizilay A et al. 2003 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, partial body: snout hearing level; evoked otoacoustic emissions 900 MHz 0.95 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day for 30 days digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Koç IY et al. 2024 animal, zebrafish embryos - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM