Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rezk AY et al. | 2008 | human, partial body: head of the mother | fetal and neonatal heart rate and cardiac output | 900 MHz | - | 10 min | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Kwon MS et al. | 2010 | human, partial body: left and right side of the head (temporal area) | event-related potentials/mismatch negativity, auditory sensory memory of children | 902 MHz | 0.82–1.21 W/kg | 6 min blocks, 3 blocks on one ear - then 3 blocks on the other ear; each three block sequence consisted of one block EMF off, 2 blocks EMF on | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Aydin B et al. | 2011 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | oxidative stress in organs of the immune system (spleen, thymus, bone marrow), polymorphonuclear leukocytes and plasma | 900 MHz | 0.28–0.78 W/kg | continuous for 2h/day on 45 days | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Sekeroglu V et al. | 2012 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | DNA damage (chromosome aberration, micronucleus test), cytotoxicity | 1,800 MHz | 0.37–0.49 W/kg | continuous for two hours/day for 45 days | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Ozgur E et al. | 2013 | animal, rabbit/New Zealand, whole body: prenatal and/or postnatal | blood parameters, lipid peroxidation | 1,800 MHz | - | 15 min/day for 7 days in pregnant animals (between 15th and 22nd day of gestation), for 7 days in female infants and for 14 days in male infants | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Seckin E et al. | 2014 | animal, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), whole body | - | 900 MHz | - | 1 h/day starting on the 12th day of pregnancy until 21 days after delivery | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Nisbet HO et al. | 2016 | - | - | 900–1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Atli Sekeroglu Z et al. | 2013 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | DNA damage, cytotoxicity | 900 MHz | 0.37–0.76 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day for 45 days | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave |
Yuksel M et al. | 2016 | - | - | 900–2,450 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
Bastide M et al. | 2001 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs) and chicks, mouse/C57BL/6 j RJ, whole body | cancer in mice, hormone levels in chicken and mice, antibody levels in chicken, mortality in chicken embryos | 900 MHz | - | continuous for up to 15 weeks | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, PC/TV monitor, shielding/field deprivation |
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