Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

867 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    316 studies
  2. Other
    306 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Other

306 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    148 studies
  2. Low frequency
    113 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    57 studies

Radio frequency 148 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Spiers DE et al. 1987 animal, rat/albino (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>), whole body thermoragulatory responses 2.45 GHz - 4h/day for 10 days microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Chalfin S et al. 2002 animal, rhesus monkey (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>), partial body: eye effects on eye/ocular examination 35 GHz - 1.5 s to 5 s millimeter waves, PW pulsed wave
Nassisi V et al. 2023 animal, zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) larvae - 0 Hz–900 MHz - - UHF fields, RF, static magnetic field, low frequency, intermediate frequency
Koç IY et al. 2024 animal, zebrafish embryos - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM
Machata AM et al. 2009 human - - 0.3–3.9 W/kg - MRI
Choi SB et al. 2014 human - 1,950 MHz 1.57 W/kg - mobile phone, W-CDMA, mobile communications, personal
Shivashankara AR et al. 2015 human - - - - mobile phone, mobile communications
Bhargav H et al. 2017 human - 2,100 MHz - - mobile phone, UMTS, mobile communications
Bektas H et al. 2018 human - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Nasiar N et al. 2018 human - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone, mobile phone base station, residential