Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

866 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    316 studies
  2. Other
    305 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Other

305 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    147 studies
  2. Low frequency
    113 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    57 studies

Low frequency 113 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Stankevičiūtė M et al. 2019 invertebrate, animal, rainbow trout eggs/larvae (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>), Baltic clam (<i>Limecola balthica</i>) and common ragworm (<i>Hediste diversicolor</i>), whole body genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in larval rainbow trout, Baltic clam and common ragworm 50 Hz - 12 days (invertebrates) or 40 days (fish larvae) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Su L et al. 2020 culture medium - 50 Hz - - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Sun Y et al. 2018 invertebrate, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/wild type (strain N2), whole body effects on invertebrates: tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative stress - - circa 48 hours (from egg to the fourth larval stage) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Tahir E et al. 2024 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, W-LAN/WiFi, microwaves
Taormina B et al. 2019 invertebrate, European lobster (<i>Homarus gammarus</i>), whole body avoidance/attraction test and a test for exploratory and shelter seeking behavior - - 1 week (unclear whether animals were also exposed during test) (test for exploratory and shelter seeking behavior) and 45 minutes (avoidance/attraction test) magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC, underground cable
Todorović D et al. 2020 invertebrate, nymphs of orange-spotted cockroach (<i>Blaptica dubia</i>) locomotor activity, body fat composition 50 Hz - 5 months static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, magnetic field
Truong H et al. 1996 animal, DJungarian hamster (<i>Phodopus sungorus</i>), whole body - 60 Hz - 15 min/day for 25 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Udroiu I et al. 2006 animal, mouse/CD-1 Swiss, whole body clastogenic and aneugenic effects 50 Hz - 24 h/day for 21 days magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Udroiu I et al. 2015 animal, mouse/CD-1 Swiss (adults, fetuses and young animals), whole body DNA damage, teratogenicity 50 Hz - continuous form day 11.5 post conception to day 21 after birth (weaning) (30 days in total) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Ushiyama A et al. 2014 - - 21 kHz - - magnetic field, intermediate frequency