Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leitgeb N et al. | 2006 | human, partial body: lateral side of the forearm | electric current perception | 50 Hz | - | until first perception of current; repeated 6 times with a 3 min break between the tests | touch current, electric current application, 50/60 Hz |
Beraldi R et al. | 2003 | animal, mouse/CD-1 (embryo), whole body | embryo survival | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 5 days | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Yao K et al. | 2007 | animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body | embryonic eye lens development | 50 Hz | - | 3 h/day for 18 days (from day 0 to 18 of gestation) | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Kabacik S et al. | 2013 | animal, mouse/C57BL/6, whole body | gene expression | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 2 hours | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Miyakawa T et al. | 2001 | invertebrate, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>/PC72 (transgenic, with reporter gene construct encoding beta-galactosidase under control of <i>hsp16</i> heat shock promotor) | gene expression (of the heat shock protein-16 gene, HSP16) | 60 Hz | - | up to 120 min | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Stankevičiūtė M et al. | 2019 | invertebrate, animal, rainbow trout eggs/larvae (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>), Baltic clam (<i>Limecola balthica</i>) and common ragworm (<i>Hediste diversicolor</i>), whole body | genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in larval rainbow trout, Baltic clam and common ragworm | 50 Hz | - | 12 days (invertebrates) or 40 days (fish larvae) | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Dell'Omo G et al. | 2009 | animal, kestrel/Eurasian (<i>Falco tinnunculus</i>), whole body | growth, melatonin secretion, leukocyte count and fledging success (of kestrels) | 50–60 Hz | - | breeding season of the year 2000 | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line |
Kim SK et al. | 2013 | human, partial body: head | heart rate, respiratory rate, subjective symptoms, magnetic field perception | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 32 min | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Khoshroo MM et al. | 2018 | animal, carp fingerling (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>), whole body | immune and stress parameters | 50 Hz | - | 2 hours | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Fey DP et al. | 2020 | animal, rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) (eggs and larvae), whole body | inner ear organ asymmetry | 0 Hz | - | up to 36 days | 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, static magnetic field, DC |
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