Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
| Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ince B et al. | 2012 | animal, rat/Wistar albino | mineral content in rat teeth (calcium, zinc, magnesium, phosphorus) | 50 Hz | - | continuous 4 h/day during 45 days | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF |
| Gunes S et al. | 2020 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | diaphragm ultrastructure, electrophysiological and biochemical changes in diaphragm and blood | 50 Hz | - | 4 hours/day for 7 months | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
| Rajkovic V et al. | 2010 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | degranulation of cutaneous mast cells (as a marker of mast cell reaction) | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 4 hr/day for 30 days (postnatal days 23 to 53) | electric field, magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line |
| Rajkovic V et al. | 2010 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | thyroid structure | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 4 hr/day (from 10:00 to 14:00) on 30 days | magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure |
| Rageh MM et al. | 2012 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | DNA strand breaks in brain cells; chromosome damage in bone marrow cells, cytotoxicity in brain and bone marrow cells; oxidative stress | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 h/day on 30 days | magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz |
| Lee Jr JM et al. | 1993 | animal, sheep/Suffolk (lambs), whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | 40 weeks. | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line |
| Lee Jr JM et al. | 1995 | animal, sheep/Suffolk, whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | - | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
| Barton BA et al. | 1996 | animal, trout (rainbow trout), whole body | - | - | - | two times 5 seconds, separated by 5 minutes | touch current, 50/60 Hz, electric injuries/electrocution |
| Guo Y et al. | 2023 | animal, zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) | - | - | - | - | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
| Myklatun A et al. | 2018 | animal, zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) and medaka | - | 0–1 Hz | - | - | geomagnetic field, magnetic field |
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