Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Björasen AM et al. | 2004 | intact cell/cell culture, K562 cells (human erythroleukemic cell line), animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body | survival/mortality | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 20 min (MF) and 75 min (UV-C) | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure |
Mannerling AC et al. | 2007 | animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body | survival rate | 50 Hz | - | 10, 20 or 60 min | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure |
Soffritti M et al. | 2010 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | mammary cancer | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 19 h/day from day 12 of fetal life (pregnancy) until spontaneous death of offspring | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure |
Miyakoshi Y et al. | 2012 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | micronuclei formation in astrocytes | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 72 h | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure |
Woodbine L et al. | 2015 | animal, mouse/C57BL/6 (embryo), whole body | double-strand breaks in the embryonic mouse brain | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 3 hours prior to and up to 9 hours after X-radiation | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure |
Udroiu I et al. | 2015 | animal, mouse/CD-1 Swiss (adults, fetuses and young animals), whole body | DNA damage, teratogenicity | 50 Hz | - | continuous form day 11.5 post conception to day 21 after birth (weaning) (30 days in total) | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure |
Ince B et al. | 2012 | animal, rat/Wistar albino | mineral content in rat teeth (calcium, zinc, magnesium, phosphorus) | 50 Hz | - | continuous 4 h/day during 45 days | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF |
Zhou J et al. | 2021 | intact cell/cell culture, newborn rat calvarial osteoblasts, animal, rat/Wistar | - | 10–100 Hz | - | - | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency |
Costantini D et al. | 2007 | animal, Eurasian kestrel (<i>Falco tinnunculus</i>), whole body | body condition; oxidative stress in the serum | 50 Hz | - | breeding season of 2002 or 2003 | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line |
Krzystolik J et al. | 2024 | animal, pike (<i>Esox lucius</i> L.) (embryos) | - | - | - | - | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line |
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