Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

856 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    314 studies
  2. Other
    302 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    118 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Other

302 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    146 studies
  2. Low frequency
    112 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    56 studies

Low frequency 112 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Björasen AM et al. 2004 intact cell/cell culture, K562 cells (human erythroleukemic cell line), animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body survival/mortality 50 Hz - continuous for 20 min (MF) and 75 min (UV-C) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Mannerling AC et al. 2007 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body survival rate 50 Hz - 10, 20 or 60 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Soffritti M et al. 2010 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body mammary cancer 50 Hz - continuous for 19 h/day from day 12 of fetal life (pregnancy) until spontaneous death of offspring magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Miyakoshi Y et al. 2012 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body micronuclei formation in astrocytes 50 Hz - continuous for 72 h magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Woodbine L et al. 2015 animal, mouse/C57BL/6 (embryo), whole body double-strand breaks in the embryonic mouse brain 50 Hz - continuous for 3 hours prior to and up to 9 hours after X-radiation magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Udroiu I et al. 2015 animal, mouse/CD-1 Swiss (adults, fetuses and young animals), whole body DNA damage, teratogenicity 50 Hz - continuous form day 11.5 post conception to day 21 after birth (weaning) (30 days in total) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Ince B et al. 2012 animal, rat/Wistar albino mineral content in rat teeth (calcium, zinc, magnesium, phosphorus) 50 Hz - continuous 4 h/day during 45 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Zhou J et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, newborn rat calvarial osteoblasts, animal, rat/Wistar - 10–100 Hz - - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency
Costantini D et al. 2007 animal, Eurasian kestrel (<i>Falco tinnunculus</i>), whole body body condition; oxidative stress in the serum 50 Hz - breeding season of 2002 or 2003 magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line
Krzystolik J et al. 2024 animal, pike (<i>Esox lucius</i> L.) (embryos) - - - - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line