Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

866 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    316 studies
  2. Other
    305 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Other

305 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    147 studies
  2. Low frequency
    113 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    57 studies

Low frequency 113 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Udroiu I et al. 2006 animal, mouse/CD-1 Swiss, whole body clastogenic and aneugenic effects 50 Hz - 24 h/day for 21 days magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Rajkovic V et al. 2010 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body degranulation of cutaneous mast cells (as a marker of mast cell reaction) 50 Hz - continuous for 4 hr/day for 30 days (postnatal days 23 to 53) electric field, magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line
Dimitrijevic D et al. 2014 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila subobscura</i> (larvae and just eclosed adults) development and viability of larvae, locomotor activity in larvae andult flies 50 Hz - continuous for 48 hours magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Campos-Sanchez E et al. 2019 animal, mouse/Sca1‐ETV6‐RUNX1 (model organism for childhood leukemia), whole body development of childhood leukemia in mouse model 50 Hz - 10min/5min on/off cycle for 20 hours/day from conception until 3 months of age magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Shen YH et al. 1997 animal, mouse/Swiss Webster, whole body development of lymphoma and leukemia 50 Hz - 3 h/day, 6 days/week for 16 weeks magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Gunes S et al. 2020 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body diaphragm ultrastructure, electrophysiological and biochemical changes in diaphragm and blood 50 Hz - 4 hours/day for 7 months magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Lupi D et al. 2021 invertebrate, honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>), whole body disease appearance, mortality, and biochemical alterations in honey bees, behavioral alterations in honey bees 50 Hz - continuously power transmission line, 50/60 Hz, electric field, magnetic field
Woodbine L et al. 2015 animal, mouse/C57BL/6 (embryo), whole body double-strand breaks in the embryonic mouse brain 50 Hz - continuous for 3 hours prior to and up to 9 hours after X-radiation magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Zhou J et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, rat calvarial osteoblasts, rat/Sprague Dawley, animal, whole body effects on bone, osteoblasts and underlying signal pathways 50 Hz - <i>in vivo</i>: 90 min/day for 2 months, <i>in vitro</i>: 90 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Sun Y et al. 2018 invertebrate, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/wild type (strain N2), whole body effects on invertebrates: tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative stress - - circa 48 hours (from egg to the fourth larval stage) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz