Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

856 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    314 studies
  2. Other
    302 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    118 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Other

302 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    146 studies
  2. Low frequency
    112 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    56 studies

Low frequency 112 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Mannerling AC et al. 2007 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body survival rate 50 Hz - 10, 20 or 60 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Marino AA et al. 1980 animal, mouse/Ha/ICR, whole body - 60 Hz - from the pregnancy of the first generation until 119th day after birth of the third generation electric field, 50/60 Hz
Martin AH et al. 1995 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 72 h magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
McClanahan BJ et al. 1983 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body - 60 Hz - repeated daily exposure, 20 h/day for 30 days. electric field, 50/60 Hz
Miyakawa T et al. 2001 invertebrate, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>/PC72 (transgenic, with reporter gene construct encoding beta-galactosidase under control of <i>hsp16</i> heat shock promotor) gene expression (of the heat shock protein-16 gene, HSP16) 60 Hz - up to 120 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Miyakoshi Y et al. 2012 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body micronuclei formation in astrocytes 50 Hz - continuous for 72 h magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Mohamed GM et al. 2015 animal, chicken/Leghorn (eggs) properties of red blood cells and hemoglobin 50 Hz - continuous for 20 minutes magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Mohammadi B et al. 2021 animal, rat/Wistar - 50 Hz–900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, 50/60 Hz, magnetic field
Moses GC et al. 1993 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 3 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Moses GC et al. 1992 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 78-88 h magnetic field, 50/60 Hz