Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

856 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    314 studies
  2. Other
    302 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    118 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Other

302 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    146 studies
  2. Low frequency
    112 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    56 studies

Low frequency 112 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Leitgeb N et al. 2007 human, partial body: forearms perception threshold 50 Hz - current linearly increased until perception of current touch current, electric current application, 50/60 Hz
Leitgeb N et al. 2006 human, partial body: lateral side of the forearm electric current perception 50 Hz - until first perception of current; repeated 6 times with a 3 min break between the tests touch current, electric current application, 50/60 Hz
Li Y et al. 2022 invertebrate, honeybee (<i>Apis cerana</i>) - - - - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Liu H et al. 1997 - - - - repeated daily exposure, 3 h/day, for 2 days magnetic field, signals/pulses
Lo C et al. 2014 - - - - - MRI
Luo Q et al. 2006 ICR mouse embryo cultures DNA damage (double-strand breaks) 50 Hz - 24 h 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, low frequency, co-exposure
Lupi D et al. 2021 invertebrate, honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>), whole body disease appearance, mortality, and biochemical alterations in honey bees, behavioral alterations in honey bees 50 Hz - continuously power transmission line, 50/60 Hz, electric field, magnetic field
Machata AM et al. 2009 human - - 0.3–3.9 W/kg - MRI
Magin RL et al. 2000 animal, mouse/ICR:HD, whole body - 170 MHz 0.2 W/kg - MRI, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Majidian Eydgahi S et al. 2015 animal, chicken/Ross (egg), whole body - - - - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure