Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

878 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    309 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    53 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Other

309 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    149 studies
  2. Low frequency
    116 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    57 studies

Low frequency 116 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Marino AA et al. 1980 animal, mouse/Ha/ICR, whole body - 60 Hz - from the pregnancy of the first generation until 119th day after birth of the third generation electric field, 50/60 Hz
McClanahan BJ et al. 1983 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body - 60 Hz - repeated daily exposure, 20 h/day for 30 days. electric field, 50/60 Hz
Shafey TM et al. 2006 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body weight of the lymphoid organs and immune response in chickens 60 Hz - continuous for 18 days electric field, 50/60 Hz
Graves HB 1977 animal, domestic fowls, domestic pigeons, mice - - - - electric field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line
Shafey TM et al. 2006 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 20 Hz–100 kHz - not given in this article electric field, intermediate frequency, 50/60 Hz
Fitzsimmons RJ et al. 1986 - - 10 Hz - - electric field, low frequency
Lee Jr JM et al. 1995 animal, sheep/Suffolk, whole body - 60 Hz - - electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Rajkovic V et al. 2001 animal, rat/Mill Hill, whole body thyroid gland histology and thyroid hormone blood concentration in rats 50 Hz - continuous for 7 h/day, 5 days/week, for 3 months electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Lee Jr JM et al. 1993 animal, sheep/Suffolk (lambs), whole body - 60 Hz - 40 weeks. electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line
Dell'Omo G et al. 2009 animal, kestrel/Eurasian (<i>Falco tinnunculus</i>), whole body growth, melatonin secretion, leukocyte count and fledging success (of kestrels) 50–60 Hz - breeding season of the year 2000 electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line