Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

858 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    314 studies
  2. Other
    303 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Other

303 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    147 studies
  2. Low frequency
    112 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    56 studies

Low frequency 112 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Campos-Sanchez E et al. 2019 animal, mouse/Sca1‐ETV6‐RUNX1 (model organism for childhood leukemia), whole body development of childhood leukemia in mouse model 50 Hz - 10min/5min on/off cycle for 20 hours/day from conception until 3 months of age magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Zhou J et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, rat calvarial osteoblasts, rat/Sprague Dawley, animal, whole body effects on bone, osteoblasts and underlying signal pathways 50 Hz - <i>in vivo</i>: 90 min/day for 2 months, <i>in vitro</i>: 90 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Stankevičiūtė M et al. 2019 invertebrate, animal, rainbow trout eggs/larvae (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>), Baltic clam (<i>Limecola balthica</i>) and common ragworm (<i>Hediste diversicolor</i>), whole body genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in larval rainbow trout, Baltic clam and common ragworm 50 Hz - 12 days (invertebrates) or 40 days (fish larvae) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Shakina LA et al. 2018 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (eggs) - 0 Hz–36.94 GHz - - millimeter waves, static magnetic field
Sun Y et al. 2018 invertebrate, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/wild type (strain N2), whole body effects on invertebrates: tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative stress - - circa 48 hours (from egg to the fourth larval stage) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Myklatun A et al. 2018 animal, zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) and medaka - 0–1 Hz - - geomagnetic field, magnetic field
Khoshroo MM et al. 2018 animal, carp fingerling (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>), whole body immune and stress parameters 50 Hz - 2 hours magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Passi R et al. 2017 - - - - - magnetic field, therapeutic/medical device
Cawley P et al. 2016 - - - - - RF, MRI
Soffritti M et al. 2016 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body occurrence of tumors in rats 50 Hz - continuous for 19 hours/day from the 12<sup>th</sup> day of pregnancy until death magnetic field, co-exposure