Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
| Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Putman NF et al. | 2014 | animal, rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) | - | 0 Hz | - | - | geomagnetic field |
| Sjoberg S et al. | 2016 | animal, garden warblers (<i>Sylvia borin</i>) | - | 0 Hz | - | - | geomagnetic field |
| Oh IT et al. | 2020 | invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> | - | - | - | - | geomagnetic field |
| Osipenko MA et al. | 2008 | intact cell/cell culture, fibroblasts (from mouse embryos), animal, mouse embryos | - | 0 Hz | - | - | geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation |
| Krylov VV et al. | 2013 | invertebrate, <i>Daphnia magna</i> Straus (great water flea) and <i>Daphnia carinata</i> King | - | 0 Hz | - | - | geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation |
| Chew GL et al. | 1989 | animal, rainbow trout (<i>Salmo gairdneri</i>) | - | - | - | - | geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation |
| Krylov V et al. | 2022 | animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) | - | - | - | - | geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation |
| Diego-Rasilla FJ et al. | 2010 | animal, Iberian green frog (<i>Pelophylax perezi</i>) (tadpoles) | - | - | - | - | geomagnetic field, static magnetic field |
| Putman NF et al. | 2018 | animal, Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) | - | - | - | - | geomagnetic field, static magnetic field |
| Scanlan MM et al. | 2018 | animal, Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) (juveniles) | - | - | - | - | geomagnetic field, static magnetic field |
| Putman NF et al. | 2020 | animal, pink salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus gorbuscha</i>) | - | - | - | - | geomagnetic field, static magnetic field |
| Laurien M et al. | 2024 | animal, juvenile herring | - | - | - | - | geomagnetic field, static magnetic field, DC, shielding/field deprivation |
| Cresci A et al. | 2019 | animal, atlantic haddock larvae (<I>Melanogrammus aeglefinus</i>) | - | - | - | - | geomagnetic field, static magnetic field, shielding/field deprivation |
| Wan GJ et al. | 2021 | invertebrate, brown planthopper (<i>Nilaparvata lugens</i>) | - | - | - | - | geomagnetic field, static magnetic field, shielding/field deprivation |
| Kullberg C et al. | 2007 | animal, European robins (<i>Erithacus rubecula</i>) | - | - | - | - | magnetic field, geomagnetic field |
| Pakhomov A et al. | 2022 | animal, European robins (<i>Erithacus rubecula</i>),garden warblers (<i>Sylvia borin</i>), Pied Flycatcher (<i>Ficedula hypoleuca</i>) | - | - | - | - | magnetic field, static magnetic field, also other exposures without EMF |
| Holland RA et al. | 2013 | animal, European robins (<i>Erithacus rubecula</i>), whole body | - | 0 Hz | - | - | signals/pulses, static magnetic field |
| Karwinkel T et al. | 2022 | animal, wheatear (<i>Oenanthe oenanthe</i>) | - | - | - | - | signals/pulses, static magnetic field, geomagnetic field |
| Fam WZ | 1981 | animal, mouse/ICR-SW | - | 0 Hz | - | - | static electric field, DC |
| Dong L et al. | 2022 | animal, mouse/ICR, whole body | oxidative stress in the spleen of mice, ultrastructural changes in the spleen of mice | - | - | continuously for 21 days | static electric field, high-voltage direct current (HVDC) |
| Gaffey CT et al. | 1981 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley and Buffalo, partial body: heart region | - | 0 Hz | - | - | static magnetic field |
| Osbakken M et al. | 1986 | animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body | - | 0 Hz | - | - | static magnetic field |
| Winnicki A et al. | 1993 | animal, pike (<i>Esox lucius</i> L.) (embryos and larvae), whole body | - | 0 Hz | - | - | static magnetic field |
| McLean MJ et al. | 2008 | animal, mouse/Swiss (black) | - | 0 Hz | - | - | static magnetic field |
| Savic T et al. | 2011 | invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> and <i>Drosophila hydei</i> | - | 0 Hz | - | - | static magnetic field |
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