Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

866 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    316 studies
  2. Other
    305 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Endocrinologic processes

11 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    7 studies
  2. Low frequency
    4 studies

Radio frequency 7 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Pawlak K et al. 2014 animal, chicken embryos (eggs) - 1,800 MHz - - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF
Geronikolou SA et al. 2023 human - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, UMTS
Kim HY et al. 2024 animal, C57BL/6 mouse - 1.76 GHz - - 4G, LTE, mobile communications, RF
Guillet R et al. 1977 - - 2.45 GHz - 5 min/day, from day 1 through day 6 of postpartum life microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Geronikolou SA et al. 2015 human salivary cortisol level - 0.268–102 W/kg continuous for 5 minutes mobile phone, mobile communications
Saddiki-Traki F et al. 1986 - - - - continuous from birth till 15 days of age. microwaves
Gildersleeve RP et al. 1988 animal, Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), whole body: eggs (<i>in ovo</i>) corticosterone response to an acute hemorrhagic stress 2.45 GHz 4.03 mW/g first 12 days of development microwaves