Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

878 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    309 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    53 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Central nervous system

122 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    87 studies
  2. Low frequency
    32 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    3 studies
  4. Other
    one study

Radio frequency 87 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Paulraj R et al. 2006 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body morphological changes and protein kinase C enzyme activity in the developing rat brain 2.45 GHz 0.11 W/kg continuous for 2 h/day on 35 days microwave pulses, 2.45 GHz
Othman H et al. 2017 animal, rat/Wistar albino (embryo), whole body mental development and oxidative stress in brain of rat pups 2.45 GHz - 2 hours/day during gestation W-LAN/WiFi, RF, 2.45 GHz
Chiang H et al. 1987 - - 3 GHz 3.5 mW/g repeated daily exposure, 5 h/day, see add. information microwaves, low level microwaves, PW pulsed wave
Paulraj R et al. 2012 - - 9.9 GHz 1 W/kg 2 h/day for 35 days microwaves, radar
Sharma A et al. 2017 animal, mouse/Swiss albino (pregnant females) - 10 GHz - - microwaves
Sharma A et al. 2017 - - 10 GHz - - microwaves
Paulraj R et al. 2012 - - 16.5 GHz 2.01 W/kg continuous for 2 h/day at 35 days (6 days/week) low level microwaves, AM amplitude modulation