Study overviews

Epidemiological studies of low and radio frequency exposure on children's health comprise the following studies:

Epidemiological studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on children

342 studies in total
  1. Leukemia
    136 studies
  2. Other health effects
    91 studies
  3. Pregnancy outcomes
    89 studies
  4. Brain/CNS tumor
    68 studies
  5. Other types of cancer
    32 studies
  6. Lymphoma
    21 studies
  7. Cancer (unspecified)
    19 studies

Pregnancy outcomes

89 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    68 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    34 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    one study

Radio frequency 34 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Kanal E et al. 1993 - women, children in utero, newborns 1990 USA live birth, miscarriage, infertility, preterm delivery, gender of the offspring, and birth weight RF, magnetic field, static magnetic field, DC, MRI, occupational
Tsarna E et al. 2019 - women, children in utero, newborns 1996 - 2011 Denmark, Netherlands, Spain and Korea pregnancy duration, fetal growth and birth weight mobile phone, mobile communications
Kok RD et al. 2004 - children, children in utero, newborns, 0–9 years 1998 - 2000 The Netherlands birth weight, gestational age at birth, type of delivery, and arterial pH at birth, neurological evaluation (functioning of eyes and ears), gross and fine motor functioning, social development and communication static magnetic field, MRI
Baste V et al. 2015 cohort study men, women, children in utero, newborns 1999 - 2009 Norway congenital malformation, perinatal mortality, low birth weight, preterm birth, small for gestational age, abruptio placentae, sex ratio, preeclampsia mobile phone, mobile communications
Preece AW et al. 2007 survey men, women, children 2001 Cyprus all cancer, all childhood cancer, reproductive history, sex ratio, congenital abnormalities, specific illnesses such as diabetes, migraine; childhood illnesses, mortality, general health, risk perception RF, residential
Ray JG et al. 2016 cohort study women, children in utero, 16–49 years 2003 - 2015 Canada stillbirth, neonatal death within 28 days of birth, congenital anomaly, neoplasm, hearing or vision loss MRI
Strizek B et al. 2015 case-control study children in utero, newborns 2008 - 2012 Belgium birth weight MRI, also other exposures without EMF
Chartier AL et al. 2019 case-control study women, children in utero, newborns 2008 - 2015 USA birth weight, hearing impairment MRI
Zhao D et al. 2021 case-control study women, children in utero, newborns 2014 - 2016 China congenital heart diseases mobile communications, mobile phone, RF, microw. oven/heating device, magnetic field, induction cooker, PC/TV monitor, low frequency, other domestic appliance, intermediate frequency, shielding/field deprivation
Boileau N et al. 2020 - children in utero, newborns 2014 - 2017 France fetal growth, APGAR score, malformations, birth weight and head circumference mobile communications, mobile phone