Epidemiological studies of low and radio frequency exposure on children's health comprise the following studies:
Authors | Year | Study type | Study group | Observation period | Study location | Endpoints | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baker PN et al. | 1994 | cross-sectional study | children, children in utero, 0–3 years | - | UK | reproductive effects and pregnancy outcomes, others | MRI |
Baste V et al. | 2012 | cohort study | men, children in utero, newborns | 1950 - 2004 | Norway | sex ratio, congenital malformation, perinatal mortality, low birth weight, preterm birth, low weight in relation to gestational age, preeclampsia | RF, radar, occupational |
Baste V et al. | 2015 | cohort study | men, women, children in utero, newborns | 1999 - 2009 | Norway | congenital malformation, perinatal mortality, low birth weight, preterm birth, small for gestational age, abruptio placentae, sex ratio, preeclampsia | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Boileau N et al. | 2020 | - | children in utero, newborns | 2014 - 2017 | France | fetal growth, APGAR score, malformations, birth weight and head circumference | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Büyükeren M et al. | 2024 | - | women, children in utero, newborns | September 2020 - February 2021 | Turkey | gestational ages, birth weight, birth length, head circumference, sex, 5-minute APGAR scores, neonate postpartum resuscitation requirement, delivery type | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Chartier AL et al. | 2019 | case-control study | women, children in utero, newborns | 2008 - 2015 | USA | birth weight, hearing impairment | MRI |
Col-Araz N | 2013 | - | women, children in utero, newborns | May - December 2009 | Turkey | birth weight and preterm birth | mobile phone, mobile communications, PC/TV monitor, personal |
Guberan E et al. | 1994 | survey | women, children in utero, newborns | 1973 - 1992 | Switzerland | gender ratio of offspring | occupational, therapeutic/medical device |
Hamilton PM et al. | 1984 | - | women, children in utero, newborns | 1980 | USA | birth weight, live birth, stillbirth | microwaves, therapeutic/medical device, also other exposures without EMF |
Irani M et al. | 2023 | meta-analysis | women, children in utero | - | Iran, USA | miscarriage | mobile communications, mobile phone, low frequency, EMF general, also other exposures without EMF, occupational |
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