Study overviews

Epidemiological studies of low and radio frequency exposure on children's health comprise the following studies:

Epidemiological studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on children

342 studies in total
  1. Leukemia
    136 studies
  2. Other health effects
    91 studies
  3. Pregnancy outcomes
    89 studies
  4. Brain/CNS tumor
    68 studies
  5. Other types of cancer
    32 studies
  6. Lymphoma
    21 studies
  7. Cancer (unspecified)
    19 studies

Pregnancy outcomes

89 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    68 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    34 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    one study

Low frequency 68 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Ray JG et al. 2016 cohort study women, children in utero, 16–49 years 2003 - 2015 Canada stillbirth, neonatal death within 28 days of birth, congenital anomaly, neoplasm, hearing or vision loss MRI
de Vocht F et al. 2014 cohort study women, children in utero, newborns 2004 - 2008 UK preterm birth, spontaneous preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birthweight (< 2500g), birth weight electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, underground cable, electrical substation, residential
Tokinobu A et al. 2021 - women, children in utero, newborns 2007 - 2008 Japan preterm birth, low birth weight and small‐for‐gestational‐age intermediate frequency, induction cooker, magnetic field
Strizek B et al. 2015 case-control study children in utero, newborns 2008 - 2012 Belgium birth weight MRI, also other exposures without EMF
Khan MW et al. 2018 preliminary study women, children in utero, 18–40 years 2008 - 2015 Finland miscarriage, reduced birth weight, smallness for gestational age and preterm birth EAS/RFID, magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, intermediate frequency, co-exposure, occupational
Chartier AL et al. 2019 case-control study women, children in utero, newborns 2008 - 2015 USA birth weight, hearing impairment MRI
Sato Y et al. 2020 ecological study children in utero, newborns 2009, 2014 Japan spontaneous fetal death rate, fetal death rate after the 22nd week of pregnancy, perinatal mortality rate and proportion of newborns weighing less than 2500 g magnetic field, intermediate frequency, induction cooker
Mahram M et al. 2013 cohort study women, children in utero, newborns 2011 Iran preterm delivery, duration of pregnancy, caesarean section, cause for caesarean section, birth weight and length, head circumference at birth, congenital abnormalities magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Migault L et al. 2020 pooled analysis women, children in utero, newborns 2011 France prematurity and small for gestational age magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, occupational, residential
Migault L et al. 2018 cohort study women, children in utero, newborns 2011, follow-up at the child's age of 2 months France premature birth between 33 and 37 weeks of gestation, small for gestational age magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, occupational, residential