To study the effects of pulsed irradiation, continuous wave (CW) irradiation, and sham irradiation on the behavior and blood-brain barrier permeability of rats and to define the relationship between neural function and behavior.
| Exposure | Parameters |
|---|---|
|
Exposure 1:
1.2 GHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
Exposure duration:
4 x 30 min
|
|
|
Exposure 2:
1.2 GHz
Modulation type:
CW
Exposure duration:
4 x 30 min
|
|
|
Exposure 3:
1.2 GHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
Exposure duration:
30 min
|
|
|
Exposure 4:
1.2 GHz
Modulation type:
CW
Exposure duration:
30 min
|
|
18 female rats each were assigned to either pulse, continous wave or sham exposure group.
| Frequency | 1.2 GHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | 4 x 30 min |
| Exposure source | |
|---|---|
| Setup | White polystyrene shuttle box divided in half by a lower hurdle. One half was shielded from radio frequency |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| power density | 21 W/m² | peak value | estimated | - | - |
| power density | 2 W/m² | mean | measured | - | - |
| Frequency | 1.2 GHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | 4 x 30 min |
| Modulation type | CW |
|---|
| Exposure source |
|
|---|
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| power density | 2.4 W/m² | mean | measured | - | - |
| Frequency | 1.2 GHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Charakteristic | |
| Exposure duration | 30 min |
| Exposure source | |
|---|---|
| Setup | Unconscoius animals (by sodium pentobarbital injection) lay on a block of Eccosorb energy absorber in five different positions within the chamber |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| power density | 21 W/m² | peak value | estimated | - | - |
| power density | 2 W/m² | mean | measured | - | - |
| Frequency | 1.2 GHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Charakteristic | |
| Exposure duration | 30 min |
| Modulation type | CW |
|---|
| Exposure source | |
|---|---|
| Setup | Unconscoius animals (by sodium pentobarbital injection) lay on a block of Eccosorb energy absorber in five different positions within the chamber |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| power density | 24 W/m² | mean | measured | - | - |
An association between changes in behavior and in brain permeability was found. Also a difference in effectiveness of pulsed and continuous energy on behavior and brain permeability was found. The differences among groups in the behavior experiment were significant the last 2 days: the pulse-irradiated group spent 30%, the sham-irradiated group 52%, and the CW-irradiated group 64% of their time in the unshielded half of the box. The difference between the pulsed group and the sham group was significant, and the difference between the pulsed group and the CW group was also significant. However, the difference between the CW-exposed group and the sham-exposed group was not significant. The data of the brain permeability experiment indicate that irradiation of a small mammal with low-power radiofrequency energy affects the brain barriers. It appears that pulsed energy is significantly more effective than CW energy.
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