The Efficacy of Electromagnetic Diathermy for the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis review

Endpoint

• treatment/therapy: efficacy in treatment of knee and hip osteoarthritis, low back pain, shoulder tendinopathies, frozen shoulder, carpal tunnel syndrome, lower limb tendinopathies, neck pain, patellofemoral pain, temporomandibular joint, delayed onset of muscular soreness, humerus fractures, ulnar nerve entrapment, lateral epicondylitis, ankle or foot sprain, lower limb acute muscle injury, tension-type headache, total knee replacement

Exposure

• • 448 kHz–2,456 MHz
  • intermediate frequency
  • RF
  • microwaves
• • electric current application
  • therapeutic/medical device