The Application of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) for Bone Fracture Repair: Past and Perspective Findings review

Endpoint

• treatment/therapy: effects on bones and bone formation, therapy for fractures
• cell viability/cell division/proliferation: effects on proliferation and differentiation of bone cells and tissues

Exposure

• • magnetic field
  • low frequency
  • intermediate frequency
  • also other exposures without EMF
• • signals/pulses
  • therapeutic/medical device