Extremely low-frequency pulsed magnetic fields and multiple sclerosis: effects on neurotransmission alone or also on immunomodulation? Building a working hypothesis review

Endpoint

• treatment/therapy: treatment of multiple sclerosis with extremely low frequency magnetic fields: clinical results and possible mechanisms of action; changes in cell morphology; effects on cells of the immune system

Exposure

• • 4–100 Hz
  • 50/60 Hz
  • magnetic field
• • signals/pulses
  • therapeutic/medical device