Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I, a Debilitating and Poorly Understood Syndrome. Possible Role for Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields: A Narrative Review review

Endpoint

• cell viability/cell division/proliferation: proliferation of bone cells
• molecular biosynthesis: gene expression in bone cells
• treatment/therapy: effects on osteoporosis model rats
• effects on the immune system: inflammatory markers in vivo and in vitro

Exposure

• • magnetic field
  • low frequency
• • signals/pulses
• • co-exposure