The upward streamer mechanism versus step potentials as a cause of injuries from close lightening discharges elec. inj.

Patients

• 7 adults, South Africa

Endpoint

• seizures
• neurological consequences (short-term, pain, headache, brain injury)
• cardiovascular effects: arrhythmia

Exposure

• lightning
• DC, high voltage ≥ 1.5 kV DC
• current entry and exit points: stated incompletely