Electrical injuries, with special reference to the upper extremities. A review of 182 cases elec. inj.

Patients

• 182 adults, United States

Endpoint

• burns
• current marks/necrosis
• respiratory paralysis
• muscle paralysis
• fractures/ruptures
• secondary renal failure
• ear injury
• neurological consequences (short-term, pain, headache, brain injury)
• death
• long-term consequences (> 1 year): amputation, neurological sequels
• cardiovascular effects: acute myocardial infarction

Exposure

• electric injuries/electrocution, touch current, 50/60 Hz, DC, low voltage < 1 kV AC, high voltage ≥ 1 kV AC, occupational
• power transmission line
• current entry and exit points: not specified