Rethinking the thinking cap: ethics of neural enhancement using noninvasive brain stimulation review

Endpoint

• cognitive/behavioral endpoints: cognitive skills, mood, social cognition (also in respect to cetrain ethical principles, e.g. safety, character, justice, and autonomy)

Exposure

• • DC
  • magnetic field
• • electric current application
  • tDCS
  • TMS (transcranial stimulation)