Distance between exposed object and exposure source
10 mm
Chamber
The exposure system consisting of three distinct arrays of four loop antennas to expose 12 rats simultaneously was assembled in a wooden rack with RF absorbing panels on the four sides and between the levels [Galloni et al., 2005]. The arrays were used simultaneously, two for real and one for sham exposure, and were connected (blinded) to the MW generator through a black box.
Setup
Rats were individually restrained in cylindrical Perspex tubes with a cone-shaped head end. The antenna was held in contact with the tube perpendicular to the head surface over the right ear of the rat at a total distance of about 8-10 mm from the cochlea (localised exposure).
Rats were placed close to a different antenna (in the same array) each day to ensure a uniform distribution of exposure. The antennas were rectangular loops printed on dielectricsubstrate using the coplanar line technique [Leveque et al., 2004].
Budak GG et al.
(2009):
Effects of intrauterine and extrauterine exposure to GSM-like radiofrequency on distortion product otoacoustic emissions in infant male rabbits
Paglialonga A et al.
(2007):
Effects of mobile phone exposure on time frequency fine structure of transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions
Cinel C et al.
(2007):
Effects of mobile phone electromagnetic fields on an auditory order threshold task
Sievert U et al.
(2007):
[Effects of Electromagnetic Fields Emitted by Cellular Phone on Auditory and Vestibular Labyrinth]
Mora R et al.
(2006):
A study of the effects of cellular telephone microwave radiation on the auditory system in healthy men
Galloni P et al.
(2005):
Electromagnetic fields from mobile phones do not affect the inner auditory system of Sprague-Dawley rats
Parazzini M et al.
(2005):
Influence on the mechanisms of generation of distortion product otoacoustic emissions of mobile phone exposure
Galloni P et al.
(2005):
Effects of 900 MHz electromagnetic fields exposure on cochlear cells' functionality in rats: Evaluation of distortion product otoacoustic emissions
Janssen T et al.
(2005):
Investigation of potential effects of cellular phones on human auditory function by means of distortion product otoacoustic emissions
Aran JM et al.
(2004):
Effects of exposure of the ear to GSM microwaves: in vivo and in vitro experimental studies
Sievert U et al.
(2004):
[Biological effect of pulsed and continuous maximum-frequency (microwave) radiation on the inner ear]
Kizilay A et al.
(2003):
Effects of chronic exposure of electromagnetic fields from mobile phones on hearing in rats