Medical magnetic resonance (MR) procedures: protection of patients review

Endpoint

• effects on the cardiovascular system: heart rate; blood pressure; cardiac fibrillation; cardiac stimulation threshold; blood flow
• effects on the neurological system: peripheral nerve stimulation threshold
• cognitive/behavioral endpoints: cognitive function
• thermoregulation: body temperature; thermal injury
• guidelines/safety: guidelines on occupational and general public exposure limits; safety considerations
• health effects; respiratory rate; physical actions; electrodynamic forces on moving electrolytes

Exposure

• • magnetic field
  • static magnetic field
  • RF
• • electrotherapy
  • TMS (transcranial stimulation)
  • MRI